An incorrectly placed heat pump can cause noise pollution for neighbors and residents and quickly become an issue of dispute. The right distance is crucial, particularly in densely built-up residential areas. Here you can find out which rules apply and how to avoid noise problems.

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How far does the heat pump have to be from the neighbour?

To avoid noise pollution, the heat pump should be installed at least 3 to 5 meters away from the neighboring property. The exact distance depends on the legal requirements of the respective federal states and TA Noise (Technical Instructions for Protection against Noise). This determines how loud a heat pump can be at the property line — during the day and at night.

The following is an overview of the recommended minimum distances and maximum sound levels according to TA noise:

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What distances are required?

The legal requirements for the minimum distance between heat pumps and neighboring properties vary depending on the federal state and are State building regulations defined. These distance regulations serve both fire protection as well as the Noise protection. In some federal states, the Distance regulations relaxed or cancelled to make it easier to install heat pumps.

Here is an overview of the minimum distances per federal state:

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Why is spacing important?

The location of a air to water heat pump is crucial because these devices set up outdoors generate sound during operation. The volume varies depending on the model, operating mode and environment. Without appropriate planning, noise pollution can for neighbors and residents arise. Especially at night, when ambient noise is lower, low-frequency noises or Vibration noises be perceived as disruptive.

In addition to Minimum distance from neighbors Should the Distance to own residential development Attention should be paid to:

• Private windows, doors and ventilation openings: A location that is too close can result in sound penetrating directly into living spaces.
• Sound reflections from walls or fences: Reflections can amplify sound levels and direct noise to unexpected places.
• Relaxation areas such as a terrace or bedroom window: Heat pumps should not be placed directly next to common areas.

A well-chosen location and soundproofing measures not only make for a more pleasant living environment, but also prevent conflicts with neighbors.

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How loud is a heat pump?

During operation, a heat pump produces noises with a sound level between 30 and 60 dB (A), depending on the model, operating mode and soundproofing measures. The main sources of noise are ventilator, which sucks in and blows out air that Compactor, which is caused by mechanical compression Vibrations creates, as well as possible vibrations that can be transmitted to the floor or walls.

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By way of comparison, a whisper reaches around 30 dB, a refrigerator is 40 dB and a normal conversation is 60 dB. Especially in quiet residential areas, a heat pump can be annoying at night.

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How do I find out the volume of a heat pump on the neighboring property?

There are several ways to find out the volume of a heat pump on the neighboring property:

• Check the manufacturer's sound power level: First check the technical data of the heat pump. Manufacturers specify the sound power level, which describes the total volume emitted. This value helps to estimate the volume of a heat pump.
• Calculate sound pressure level: The sound pressure level**** describes the volume at a specific point, depending on the distance from the heat pump. For a rough calculation, the following applies:
  • Increase the distance by twice, reduce the level by approx. 6 dB (A)
  • For example, a heat pump with 50 dB (A) at a distance of 1 m into 4 m away only 38 dB (A)
• Direct measurement with a sound level meter: A precise method is measurement with a sound level meter. The following points should be considered:
  • Take measurements during the day and at night so that differences can be identified.
  • Note the distance from the heat pump (e.g. 3 or 5 meters).
  • Observe weather conditions (wind may affect the value).
• Comparison with TA noise limits: If the measured values are higher, this may indicate that the noise limits have been exceeded.
• Noise report by a specialist: If there are uncertainties or a legal dispute is imminent, a Acoustics expert carry out a professional sound measurement. These reports are legally binding and can serve as a basis for measures such as sound barriers or changes of location.

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Experiences with heat pumps and neighborhood conflicts

On forums, many homeowners and neighbors report problems with the volume of heat pumps. While some are satisfied with good placement and soundproofing measures, there are also cases where the noises cause conflict. Two typical experience reports show how different the situation can be.

In this Experience report A homeowner describes that his neighbor has complained about the noises of his air-to-water heat pump. Although the heat pump meets the TA noise limits, the neighbour feels disturbed. As long as the legal limits are met, heat pump operators have no reason to worry.

another User reportsthat his neighbor's heat pump is so loud that it is particularly annoying at night. He is seeking advice as to whether there are legal options to take action against this. The discussion revolves around noise measurements, legal action and technical measures such as a sound insulation hood. Some participants recommend talking to the neighbour, others recommend calling in an expert.

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What to do if the heat pump is too loud?

Is the Heat pump too loud, there are several measures to reduce noise levels and avoid conflicts with neighbors.

1. Measure volume: First, the actual volume should be checked.
2. Check operating mode: Many heat pumps have a Night subsidence, which reduces sound. If the heat pump is louder than specified by the manufacturer, a faulty or there is a faulty installation.
3. optimize location, if possible, Move the heat pump — farther away from neighbors or your own windows.
4. Installing soundproofing measures: sound insulation covers reduce noise levels by up to 10 dB (A). soundproof walls or hedges can limit sound propagation. One vibration-damping installation prevents structure-borne sound with rubber mats.
5. Consult an expert: If noise pollution remains high, a Noise reports Provide information. If limits are exceeded, a legal clarification be necessary with the building authority or the municipality.

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